APA papers should include references in the body of the paper in Author-Date format; each work cited in the paper should be included in the Reference List, on a separate page, at the end of the paper. Author-Date cites in the body of the paper Reference List Cites in the body of the paper - "intext" Author-Date cites Citations in the text of your paper should include the author's last name(s), the year of publication, and be enclosed in parentheses (Wolf & Masters, 2006). When you are included a direct quote from a source work, include a specific page reference (Anderson, 2004, p. 223). If the author(s) names are mentioned in the same sentence, include only the year of publication. If the year of publication is mentioned in the text, include only the author's name in the cite. Two authors For works by two authors, always include both author names: (Anderson & Bjorn, 2003) As Anderson and Bjorn (2003) illustrated in their recent study As recently as 2003, a prominent study (Anderson & Bjorn) illustrated Three, four, or five authors When a work has 3, 4, or 5 authors, include the names of all the authors the first time the work is cited: (Anderson, Myers, Wilkes, & Matthews, 2003) For all subsequent citations of this work, use "et al.": (Anderson et al., 2003) Six or more authors When a work has 6 or more authors, use et al.: (Bell et al., 2003) Unsigned works For unsigned works, include the title, enclosed in parentheses. Put quotation marks for short work titles, and italicize the titles of reports, books, and other significant works: ("Recent Developments," 2004) (Dictionary of Tetrathalocigistic Diseases, 2004) The citations in the text of the document should point to an entry in the Reference List. Example According to a team of experts trained in reviewing research methods, "nothing seemed so certain as the results of the initial projects" (Tatt, 2001, p. 445). It was precisely this level of apparent certainty, however, which led to a flurry of subsequent challenges to the techniques used to process the data (Jones & Wayne, 2002). There were a number of fairly obvious flaws in the data: consistencies and regularities that proved to be, upon close scrutiny, most irregular (Aarns, 2003; West, 2003). References Aarns, G. (2003). Certain flaws. New York: Preston Press. Jones, M. R., & Wayne, H. D. (2002). Cooking the data? Science News, 8, 878-891. Tatt, L. (2003). Suspect studies. In E. Moore (Ed.), Research methods. New York: Weston Press. West, B. R. (2003, January 9). Studying the studies. RPA Monitor, 8, 221. (See the section below for example reference list entries for different types of source works.) REFERENCE LIST: Sample Citation notecards & proper formatting Background: Finding bibliographic information APA 00. Intext citation format APA 01. Journal article, 1 author, journal paginated throughout a volume APA 02. Journal article, 2 authors, journal paginated by issue APA 03. 3 to 6 authors APA 04. More than 6 authors APA 05. Journal article in press APA 06. Magazine or popular periodical article APA 07. Newsletter article APA 08. Newsletter article, no author APA 09. Daily newspaper article, no author APA 10. Daily newspaper article, discontinuous pages APA 11. Monthly newspaper article, letter to the editor APA 12. Entire issue of a journal (special or theme issue) APA 13. Monograph with issue number and serial (or whole) number APA 14. Monograph bound separately as a supplement to a journal APA 15. Monograph bound into journal with continuous pagination APA 16. Abstract as original source APA 17. Abstract from a secondary source APA 18. Journal supplement APA 19. Periodical published annually APA 20. Non-English journal article, title translated into English APA 21. English translation of a journal article APA 22. Citation of a work discussed in a secondary source APA 23. Book, third edition, Jr. in name APA 24. Book, group author (government agency) as publisher APA 25. Edited book APA 26. Book, no author or editor APA 27. Book, revised edition APA 28. Several volumes in a multivolume edited work APA 29. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders APA 30. Encyclopedia or dictionary APA 31. Non-English book APA 32. English translation of a book APA 33. Brochure, corporate author APA 34. Article or chapter in an edited book, two editors APA 35. Article or chapter in an edited book in press, separately titled volume APA 36. Chapter in a volume in a series APA 37. Non-English article or chapter in an edited book APA 38. Entry in an encyclopedia APA 39. English translation of an article or chapter in an edited book APA 40. English translation of an article or chapter, reprinted from another source APA 41. Report available from the government Printing Office (GPO) APA 42. Report available from the National Technical Information Service APA 43. Report available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) APA 44. Government report not available from GPO or a document deposit service APA 45. Government report in an edited collection APA 46. Report from a university APA 47. Report from a university, edited, monograph APA 48. Report from a private organization APA 49. Published proceedings, contribution to a symposium APA 50. Proceedings published regularly APA 51. Unpublished contribution to a symposium APA 52. Unpublished paper presented at a meeting APA 53. Poster session APA 54. Doctoral dissertation, abstracted in DAI, obtained from UMI APA 55. Doctoral dissertation, abstracted in DAI, obtained from university APA 56. Unpublished doctoral dissertation APA 57. Unpublished master's thesis APA 58. Unpublished manuscript not submitted for publication APA 59. Unpublished manuscript with a university cited APA 60. Manuscript in progress or submitted for publication but not yet accepted APA 61. Unpublished raw data from study, untitled work APA 62. Publication of limited circulation APA 63. Review of a book APA 64. Review of a film or motion picture APA 65. Audiovisual media, film or motion picture APA 66. Television broadcast APA 67. Television series APA 68. Single episode from a television series APA 69. Music recording APA 70. Audio recording APA 71. Internet article based on a print source APA 72. Article in an Internet-only journal APA 73. Article in an Internet-only journal, retrieved via ftp APA 74. Article in an Internet-only newsletter APA 75. Multipage document created by private organization, no date APA 76. Chapter or section in an Internet document APA 77. Stand-alone web document, no author identified, no date APA 78. Document available on university program or department web site APA 79. Report from a university, available on private organization web site APA 80. US government report available on government agency web site APA 81. Report from a private organization, available on organization web site APA 82. Abstract of a technical report retrieved from a university web site APA 83. Paper presented at a symposium, abstract retrieved from university web site APA 84. Paper presented at a virtual conference APA 85. Message posted to a newsgroup APA 86. Message posted to online forum or discussion group APA 87. Message posted to an electronic mailing list APA 88. Electronic copy of a journal article APA 89. Daily newspaper article, electronic version available by search APA 90. Electronic copy of an abstract obtained from a secondary database APA 91. Electronic version of US government report available by search from GPO APA 92. Computer software APA 93. Computer software and manual available on university web site APA 94. Data file, available from government agency APA 95. Data file, available from NTIS web site Bibliographic entries in the Reference List Click on the label for the example to see the Citation record for that type of source work APA 01. Journal article, one author, journal paginated consecutively throughout the volume Wolf, E. (1990). Distinguished lecture: Facing power. American Anthropologist, 92, 586-596. APA 02. Journal article, two authors, journal paginated by issue Heilbrun, C., & Resnik, J. (1990). Convergences: Law, literature, and feminism. Yale Law Journal, 99, 1913-1950. APA 03. Three to six authors Evans, P., Preston, V., Jones, M., West, H., Cooper, B., & Williams, M. (2002). The astronomical timetable. New York: Preston Press. APA 04. Journal article, more than six authors Mercer, E., Faria, R., White, J. R., Brent, C., Moore, M., Zygler, J. E., et al. (2003). The myth of depression. Health Culture, 9, 221-229. APA 05. Journal article in press Myers, B., & Ansler, M. (in press). Left, right, forward?: Racism and radical politics. Journal of Politics and Culture. APA 06. Magazine article Miller, J. H. (2001, April). The next interpretation of nothing. Cultural Trends, 8+. APA 07. Newsletter article Broca, J. R. (2001, Fall). Artistic training as therapy. Art and Psychology Bulletin, 21, 83-87. APA 08. Newsletter article, no author Understanding the new regulations. (2002, May). Scioto Valley Newsletter, 9, 3-4. APA 09. Daily newspaper article, no author New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12. APA 10. Daily newspaper article, discontinuous pages Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4. APA 11. Monthly newspaper article, letter to the editor Mays, E. S. (2001, 11 June). The business of business [Letter to the editor]. Wall Street Journal, p. 3. APA 12. Entire issue of a journal; journal, special issue; special issue of a journal Beasley, E. (Ed.). (2001). The new logic [Special issue]. Journal of Contemporary Philosophy, 9(6). APA 13. Monograph with issue number and serial (or whole) number Wisener, A., & Jameson, M. L. (2002). Parental understanding of pretense. Monographs of the Society for Research in Parenting, 78(3, Serial No. 422). APA 14. Monograph bound separately as a supplement to a journal Bishop, A. L., & Bishop, P. S. (1999). Atmospheric anomalies. Journal of Experimental Geography Monographs, 70(3, Pt. 2). APA 15. Monograph bound into journal with continuous pagination West, M. D., Evans, C. B., & Mays, W. (1999). Validity of the Type B personality [Monograph]. Journal of Cultural Psychology, 82, 344-426. APA 16. Abstract as original source Myers, W. L., & Jones, P. B. (1999). Cholinoceptive pyramidal cells [Abstract]. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 42, 320. APA 17. Abstract from a secondary source Burrows, W. R., Ellitch, P. B., & Wilson, J. R. (2000). Cognitive functions of adolescents: Urban vs. rural. American Journal of Cultural Neuroscience, 8, 22-46. Abstract obtained from PsycSCAN: Neuropsychology. 10 (Abstract No. 994). APA 18. Journal supplement; supplement, to a journal Rogers, J. W., Kinner, R. L., & Weis, V. (2000). The architecture of the gravitational lens. Astronomicity, 16(Suppl. 2), 170-192. APA 19. Periodical published annually Swidler, A., & Arditi, J. (1994). The new sociology of knowledge. Annual Review of Sociology, 20, 305-329. APA 20. Non-English journal article, title translated into English Tremblay, G. (2000). La version française des lois constitutionnelles du Canada [The French version of the constitutional laws of Canada]. Les Cahiers de Droit, 41, 33-60. APA 21. English translation of a journal article, journal paginated by issue von der Luhe, I. (1982). I without guarantees: Ingeborg Bachmann's Frankfurt lectures on Poetics (M. T. Kraus, Trans.). New German Critique, 8(27), 31-56. APA 22. Citation of a work discussed in a secondary source Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589-608. APA 23. Book, third edition, Jr. in name Massey, W. R., & Jameson, W. M., Jr. (2001). Organizational behavior and the new internet logic (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. APA 24. Book, group author (government agency) as publisher Aguidar Bureau of Statistics. (2001). Rural and urban birthrate statistics (No. 53.9877). Iswari, Asina-Waall Province: Author. APA 25. Edited book Gilbert, H. S., & Hart, L. N. (Eds.). (2000). Racism and mapmaking: Never a straight line?. New York: Preston Press. APA 26. Book, no author or editor Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. (10th ed.). (1998). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. APA 27. Book, revised edition Rosenthal, R. (1987). Meta-analytic procedures for social research (Rev. ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. APA 28. Several volumes in a multivolume edited work, publication over period of more than 1 year Anderson, J. B. (Ed.). (1989-1999). A history of mythology and culture (M. Arlan, Ed.) (Vols. 1-10). New York: Preston Press. APA 29. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. APA 30. Encyclopedia or dictionary Sanborn, W. B. (Ed.). (2001). Dictionary of tribal mythologies (4th ed., Vols. 1-14). New York: Preston Press. APA 31. Non-English book Wolf, C. (1968). Nachdenken über Christa T. [The quest for Christa T.]. Halle: Mitteldeutscher Verlag. APA 32. English translation of a book Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish (A. Sheridan, Trans.) (2nd ed.). Studies in Critical Theory. New York: Vintage Books (Original work published 1978). APA 33. Brochure, corporate author Winslow-Ames Consulting Group. (2003). Caring for the elderly: An intensive workshop (3rd ed.) [Brochure]. New York: Author. APA 34. Article or chapter in an edited book, two editors Gardener, E. D. (1988). Heretics. In S. Nevins & L. Bointer (Eds.), 16th Century England (pp. 327-384). London: Methaneon. APA 35. Article or chapter in an edited book in press, separately titled volume in a multivolume work (two part title) Anderson, W. R. (in press). Weakening the boundaries of insight. In J. Eddington & P. R. Burns (Eds.), Studies in military history. Vol. 2: Perspectives on racism: The new world order.. New York: Preston Press. APA 36. Chapter in a volume in a series Aarnsworth, E. (2002). Magnesotic irregularities in rock formations. In A. Beales & P. M. Jessing (Eds.), Handbook of Geology. Vol. 4: Southwestern US (5th ed., pp. 97-121). New York: Preston. APA 37. Non-English article or chapter in an edited book, title translated into English Bourdieu, P. (1989). L'opinion publique [Public opinion]. In P. Campagne (Ed.), 50 idées qui ébranlent le monde; dictonnaire de la Glasnost (pp. 204-206). Paris: P.U.F. APA 38. Entry in an encyclopedia Marchant, E. (2003). Gypsy oak. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 42, pp. 304-305). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. APA 39. English translation of an article or chapter in an edited book, volume in a multivolume work, republished work Altallan, M. (2001). The Oxbird legacy. In T. Boynes (Ed. & Trans), The standard edition of the complete works of Altallan (Vol. 22, pp. 14-64). New York: Preston Press (Original work published 1973). APA 40. English translation of an article or chapter in an edited book, reprinted from another source Piaget, J. (1988). Extracts from Piaget's theory (G. Gellerier, & J. Langer, Trans.). In K. Richardson & S. Sheldon (Eds.), Cognitive development to adolescence: A reader (pp. 3-18). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum (Reprinted from Manual of child psychology, 703-732, by P. Mussen, Ed., 1970, New York: Wiley). APA 41. Report available from the government Printing Office (GPO), government institute as author National Institute of Mental Health. (1999). Psychodiagnosis: A bibliography (DHHS Publication No. 12-9022). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. APA 42. Report available from the National Technical Information Service Cohen, B. G. (2003). Human aspects in espionage equipment. Denver, CO: National Institute for International Security (NTIS No. PB87-240722). APA 43. Report available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Josse, P. L. (1999). Writing in the classroom: Teaching with journals (Report No. NCRSL-BB-25-6). East Lansing, MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 988 082). APA 44. Government report not available from GPO or a document deposit service such as the NTIS or ERIC Environmental Protection Agency. (1999). Progress report on the EPA acid rain program (EPA Publication No. 430-R-99-011). Rockville, MD: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. APA 45. Government report not available from GPO or a document deposit service, article or chapter in an edited collection Gergen, D. M. (2001). Religious affiliation and mental health. In J. Minden (Ed.), Psychological studies in rural populations (NDR Publication No. 93-42002, pp. 352-401). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. APA 46. Report from a university Griggs, J. R., & Williams, H. M. (2001). Prevalence of land entitlement certificate forgeries (Tech. Rep. No. 17). Niederlanden, Eastern Isaawi: University of Guernsey, Crime Research Centre. APA 47. Report from a university, edited report, monograph Ansler, M. R., & Josse, F. (Eds.). (2001). Violence, media, and anxiety among adolescents (Redding Institute Research Monograph No. 25). New London: Weim University, Department of Education. APA 48. Report from a private organization Employee Benefit Research Institute. (1994, July). Baby boomers in retirement: What are their prospects? (Issue Brief No. 151). Washington, DC: Author. APA 49a. Published proceedings, published contribution to a symposium, article or chapter in an edited book Muller, A. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). The mind's outer eye. In Alaska Symposium on Perspectives. Vol. 43: Perspectives on perspective (pp. 237-288). Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press. APA 49b. Published proceedings, published contribution to a symposium, article or chapter in an edited book Muller, A. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Alaska Symposium on Perspectives. Vol. 43: Perspectives on perspective. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press. APA 50. Proceedings published regularly Woese, C. R. (2002). On the evolution of cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 8742-8747. APA 51a. Unpublished contribution to a symposium Beales, J. (2001, May). Beyond seeing: Cultural blindness and lettering [Fieldnote data summary and slide presentation]. In M. Wilkes (Chair), Textual perspectives. Symposium conducted at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Society, New York. APA 51b. Unpublished contribution to a symposium Miller, A. S. (2003, May). Slide presentation and field note summary. In M. L. Irons, (Chair), Storytelling in rural gatherings. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the RGS, Marseilles, France. APA 52. Unpublished paper presented at a meeting Shimahara, N. K. (1983, November 18). Mobility and education of Buraku: The case of a Japanese minority.. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Chicago. APA 53. Poster session Durwith, N. (2001, June). Indexing surveys: Software that works.. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the Political Science Society, Washington, DC. APA 54. Doctoral dissertation abstracted in Dissertation Abstracts International and obtained on university microfilm Winters, S. L. (2001). Health care programs and rural population growth (Diss, University of Agal, 2000). Dissertation Abstracts International, 66, 834B (UMI No. AAD66-26988). APA 55. Doctoral dissertation abstracted in Dissertation Abstracts International and obtained from university Gans, E. L. (1982). The discovery of illusion (Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 27, 3046A. APA 56. Unpublished doctoral dissertation Roberts, M. B. (2001). Land use and the law.. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois. APA 57. Unpublished master's thesis, university outside the United States Sanchez, E. (2001). Druidic dreams: Paluo's letters from the isle of Skye.. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Agal, Agal, West Zaapen, Dept English. APA 58. Unpublished manuscript not submitted for publication Myers, B. (1992). The regimental rituals.. Unpublished manuscript. APA 59. Unpublished manuscript with a university cited Nomiya, D. (1988). Urbanization and income inequality: A cross-national study.. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. APA 60. Manuscript in progress or submitted for publication but not yet accepted Anderson, M. J. (2001). War and journalism: A brief history of history.. Manuscript submitted for publication (copy on file with author). APA 61. Unpublished raw data from study, untitled work Deaux, M., & Wise, A. R. (1993). [Auditory response latencies in rat auditory cortex]. Unpublished raw data. APA 62. Publication of limited circulation Chambers, W. R. (Ed.). (2002). INAC Projects. (Available from the Isaawian Nation Arts Council). APA 63. Review of a book Landower, A. (2002). Reading the ropes of the new reality [Review of the book Under glass ties: The new media fantasy of realism]. Contemporary Culture, 42, 533-567. APA 64a. Review of a film or motion picture Reiner, E. J. (2001, 20 May). Breaking away: A tradition of rebellion [Review of the motion picture Bernice's sandals] (dir. Anthony Peters). New Media, p. 45. APA 64b. Review of a video Betisse, N. (2001). Visual visor: A videotext of art history studies [Review of the video program Discovering Culture]. Contemporary Culture, 42, 3467-3499. APA 65a. Audiovisual media, film or motion picture Mendelson, I. (Producer) & Axelson, E. (Writer/director). (2001). One for the money [Motion picture]. United States: Siren Screens. APA 65b. Film, limited circulation Veron, E. (Producer) & Pickard, N. L. (Director). (1999). Tangoesque: light leg language [Motion picture]. (Available from Dance Am Inst., 73 West 74th, Suite 160, New York, NY 10023). APA 66. Television broadcast Lott, B., & Frank, S. H. (Prod.). (2001, Sept. 10). The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service. APA 67. Television series Michaels, D. A. (Producer). (2002). The heart [Television series]. New York: WNET. APA 68. Single episode from a television series Hall, B. (Writer) & Sackheim, D. (Director). (1999). The last word. In J. DeWitt, A. Brenneman, & N. Chaidez (Producters), Judging Amy [Television series episode]. New York: New York Broadcasting Company. APA 69a. Music recording Bruel, P. (1999). Au cafe des delices. On Juste Avant [CD]. Paris: MM Musique. APA 69b. Rerecording by artist other than writer Jones, J. (2002). The winding [Recorded by A. Berry, & P. Miller]. On Wind water and sand [CD]. Bay Point, RI: Real Records. (1982). APA 70. Audio recording Miro, J. L. (Speaker). (2001). Pressure, poison, and the physics of purity (Cassette recording No. 310-450-88-B). Washington, DC: International Society of Mystery Writers. APA 71. Internet article based on a print source Lessing, J. P. (2001). The physics of cultural magnets. Journal of Anthropological Studies, 8, 273-299. Retrieved July 3, 2002, from http://jas.org/2001-8-lessing.html. APA 72. Article in an Internet-only journal Jameson, E. S. (2002, June 12). Narrative therapy: A cure for care givers. Innovation in Treatment, 7, Article 0007a. Retrieved May 10, 2001, from http://journals.sla.org/treatment/volume7/0007a.html. APA 73. Article in an Internet-only journal, retrieved via file transfer protocol Mercer, K. R. (2001). The matter at hand: Chaos is nothing. Atomic Psychology, 6, Article056a. Retrieved 21 December 2001, from ftp://www.atomicpsychology.edu/mercer. APA 74. Article in an Internet-only newsletter Cherchneff, I. (1997, July). The exhaust fumes of stars. Physics@UMIST Research Newsletter(2). Retrieved from http://www.phy.umist.ac.uk/Research/research_NL/NewsLetter2/nl2.shtml. APA 75. Multipage document created by private organization, no date Commit to be fit! Arlington Chapter. (n.d.). Heart helps: Ten 10 minute workouts. Retrieved August 5, 2002, from http://www.fitcommit.org/10minuteworkouts. APA 76. Chapter or section in an Internet document Petrie Environmental Watch Center. (2002, Aug. 2). Recent conservation legislation. In Law and land use in Petrie County (section 2). Retrieved August 3, 2002, from http://www.petriecenter.org/landuse/legislation/2.htm. APA 77. Stand-alone document, no author identified, no date TechNo's adolescent quotient questionnaire. (n.d.). Retrieved August 5, 2002, from http://www.asnu.edu/TechNo/AQQ.htm. APA 78. Document available on university program or department web site Reibel, J. H. (1994). Pedagogy for the 21st century. Retrieved January 1, 2002, from Columbia University, Institute for Learning Technologies Web site: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/papers/ILTpedagogy.html. APA 79. Report from a university, available on private organization web site University of Manne, Center for Medical Education. (2001, December). Patients as effective educators in chronic conditions. Retrieved Aug. 2, 2002, from the Milbrook Memorial Fund Web site: http://www.mmf.org/reports/patients.html/. APA 80. US government report available on government agency web site, no publication date indicated United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.). Federal sentencing statistics by state. Retrieved Aug 2, 2002, from http://www.ussc.gov/JUDPACK/JP2000.htm. APA 81. Report from a private organization, available on organization web site ResearchFirst, Ltd. (2001, Jan. 1). Conservation easements and land use. Retrieved May 2, 2002, from http://www.researchfirst.org/jan/publications/conservation.pdf. APA 82. Abstract of a technical report retrieved from a university web site Celifano, C. R., & Roland, W. M. (2001). Measured rates of glacial melting in 4 locations (ORSI Polar Research Institute Report No. 14). Abstract retrieved May 5, 2002, from http://www.orsi.edu/npri/14.htm. APA 83. Paper presented at a symposium, abstract retrieved from university web site Dietrich, E. (2002, January 16). The left hand meets the right brain. Paper presented at the 2002 Symposium on Neurocentric Art. Abstract retrieved May 3, 2003, from http://www.nacouncil.org/2002Symposium/dietrich.htm. APA 84. Paper presented at a virtual conference Genile, P. (2003). Natural wealth and the national agenda. Paper presented at the NatureWatch 2003 online conference. Retrieved May 16, 2003, from http://naturewatch.org/Politics&Plants2003. APA 85. Message posted to a newsgroup Williams, A. (2003, January 4). New tectonic tracking techniques [Msg 3]. Message posted to news://sci.geology.hawaii. APA 86. Message posted to online forum or discussion group Beales, M. S. (2003, February 2). Strategic planning software can replace post-it notes [Msg 26]. Message posted to http://groups.yahoo.com/group/nonprofit. APA 87. Message posted to an electronic mailing list Harris, B. (2003, March 4). Version tracking: Keeping records of editorial changes. Message posted to TheWriteDirection electronic mailing list, archived at http://writedirection.net/mail-archive/msg00124.html. APA 88. Electronic copy of a journal article, three to five authors, retrieved from database Jameson, M. M., Wilson, A. E., & Myers, B. R. (2003). Managing managers in the changing workplace. Journal of Management and Culture, 43, 423-450. Retrieved April 15, 2003, from alaJOURNALS database. APA 89. Daily newspaper article, electronic version available by search Nottingham, B. (2003, March 3). Toying with industrial restraints. New Amsterdam Beacon.. Retrieved April 4, 2003, from http://www.nabeacon.com. APA 90. Electronic copy of an abstract obtained from a secondary database Otsu, T., & Saito, T. (1990). The problem of local optimality with OSMOD. Psychometrika, 55(3), 517-518. Abstract retrieved May 13, 2003, from PsycINFO database. APA 91. Electronic version of US government report available by search from GPO Access database (on the web) U.S. General Accounting Office. (1997, February). Telemedicine: Federal strategy is needed to guide investments (Publication no. GAO/NSAID/HEHS-97-67). Retrieved September 15, 2000, from General Accounting Office Reports Online via GPO Access: http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/acces/aces160.shtml?/gao/index. html. APA 92. Computer software Erickson, R. S. (2003). Xcelcior.. (Computer software). APA 93. Computer software and manual available on university web site Benzinger, A. (2003). Anti-plagiarism software for educators [http://www.nisu-c.edu/faculty/academics/benzinger/APS.htm]. (Computer software and manual). APA 94. Data file, available from government agency National Educator Interview Survey-Current education topics: 2003. (Version 6) [Data file]. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Higher Education Statistics. APA 95. Data file, available from NTIS web site Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. (2003). National Extended Care Facility Roster [Data file]. Available from National Technical Information Service Web Site: http://www.ntis.gov.